Targeted therapy in BRAF‑mutant melanoma: Advances and challenges (Review)

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Molecular Biology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Melanoma is often driven by BRAF mutations, leading to MAPK pathway hyperactivation.
• BRAF and MEK inhibitors are approved melanoma therapies targeting this pathway.
• Acquired drug resistance limits the long-term efficacy of these treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the discovery and development of BRAF and MEK inhibitors for melanoma.
• To review the clinical efficacy of these inhibitors in melanoma treatment.
• To elucidate the mechanisms of acquired resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of BRAF and MEK inhibitors in melanoma.
• Analysis of clinical trial data for efficacy and resistance patterns.
• Summary of research on molecular mechanisms of acquired resistance.

Main Results:

• BRAF and MEK inhibitors show significant efficacy in reducing melanoma tumor burden.
• Nearly all patients eventually develop resistance to these targeted therapies.
• Understanding resistance mechanisms is key to overcoming treatment failure.

Conclusions:

• BRAF and MEK inhibitors represent a major advance in melanoma treatment.
• Acquired resistance is a critical hurdle requiring further investigation.
• Developing strategies to overcome resistance is essential for durable melanoma control.