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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

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Tailored Biomaterials Induce Tertiary Lymphoid Structures for Boosting Cancer Immunotherapy.

Xiao-He Wang1, Ze-Yu Huang1, Zhi-Jun Sun1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Centre for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.

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PubMed
Summary

Inducible tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) can transform "cold" tumors into "hot" ones, enhancing cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials are being developed to promote TLS formation within the tumor microenvironment for better treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
TLS maturationartificial tertiary lymphoid structuresbiomaterialscancer immunotherapyimmune checkpoint blockadeimmune microenvironment modulationspatiotemporal deliverytertiary lymphoid structures

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Cold tumors lack immune cells, limiting immunotherapy effectiveness.
  • Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) act as immune niches that promote anti-tumor responses.
  • Inducing TLS formation is a promising strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of TLS in cancer immunotherapy.
  • To explore various biomaterial platforms for inducing TLS formation.
  • To discuss challenges and opportunities in translating TLS-based therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on TLS and biomaterials for immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of synthetic, natural, and bioactive systems for TLS induction.
  • Discussion of cellular composition, maturation, and function of TLS.

Main Results:

  • TLS can enhance immune cell activity and antigen presentation within tumors.
  • Diverse biomaterial strategies, including nanocarriers, hydrogels, scaffolds, organoids, exosomes, engineered cells, viruses, and bacteria, can promote TLS formation.
  • Translational challenges include biosafety, standardization, and scalability of TLS-inducing therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Inducible TLS (iTLS) offer a potent strategy for remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment.
  • Biomaterial-mediated TLS induction holds significant therapeutic promise for advanced cancer immunotherapy.
  • Further research is needed to overcome translational hurdles for clinical application.