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Related Experiment Video

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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

Remembering affect between moments: assessing peak-end effects in continuous affect measures.

Leonie Cloos¹, Wolf Vanpaemel¹, Eva Ceulemans¹

¹Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Cognition & Emotion

|June 5, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Continuous drawing in experience sampling (ESM) studies captures affect between ratings. However, retrospective biases like peak-end effects influence drawings, with intensity and recency affecting accuracy differently for positive and negative affect.

Keywords:

Experience sampling affect dynamics continuous affect peak-end rule retrospective self-report

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Affective Science
Research Methodology

Background:

Experience sampling method (ESM) tracks momentary affect but has gaps.
Retrospective biases, like peak-end effect, can influence continuous affect measures.
Developing methods to capture affect dynamics between ESM assessments is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the accuracy of retrospective continuous affect drawings compared to momentary ratings in ESM.
To investigate the influence of affect intensity and recency on the divergence between continuous drawings and momentary data.
To understand how these biases differ for positive versus negative affect and events.

Main Methods:

115 participants completed ESM with six daily momentary affect ratings.
Participants retrospectively drew affect changes between assessments.
Momentary ratings, continuous drawings, and reported events were analyzed for divergence.

Main Results:

For positive affect, higher intensity and recency reduced divergence, with a nonlinear intensity effect.
Negative affect divergence increased with intensity and decreased with recency, with intensity effects diminishing over time.
Event data showed similar patterns, except negative events lacked a recency effect.

Conclusions:

Continuous affect drawings in ESM are subject to retrospective biases.
Intensity and recency differentially impact the accuracy of positive and negative affect recall.
Future ESM research should account for time, intensity, and affect valence in retrospective measures.