Weaving Intelligence: Thermally Drawn Multimaterial Fibers Toward AI-Enabled Smart Textiles

The rapid evolution of smart textiles is intensifying demand for multimaterial systems that couple mechanical compliance with embedded, adaptive computational capabilities. Thermally drawn fibers have emerged as a powerful platform, enabling the co-integration of polymers, metals, semiconductors, and piezoelectric or iontronic phases into continuous multimaterial architectures with high geometric fidelity and manufacturing scalability. These hybrid fibers enable distributed sensing, energy modulation, and signal transduction, while generating high-dimensional data streams well suited for artificial intelligence (AI)-driven analysis. This review surveys recent advances at the intersection of AI and thermal drawing technologies, including data-centric optimization, real-time process control, signal processing, and predictive modeling, which are reshaping both fiber fabrication and system-level integration. We highlight progress in multimaterial co-drawing, hierarchical fiber engineering, and functionally integrated architectures that establish the foundation for in-fiber computation. Emphasis is placed on neuromorphic and spiking neural network (SNN)-based approaches, which enable energy-efficient, event-driven computation aligned with the distributed and deformable nature of textile platforms. Finally, we discuss emerging challenges and opportunities, including scalable neuromorphic architectures, uncertainty-aware learning, and AI-driven materials optimization. Together, these advances outline a pathway toward autonomous, self-optimizing textile systems in which individual fibers function as distributed, cognitively inspired nodes within next-generation intelligent materials.