Multiscale Structure-Function Coupling in High-Filler PZT/SMPU Nanofiber Yarns for Wearable Energy Systems.

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Textile Engineering

Background:

• Flexible energy harvesters are crucial for wearable electronics, demanding conformity to body surfaces, high output, and durability.
• Existing nanofiber piezoelectric systems face challenges in structural integration and electromechanical coupling.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop high-performance, conformal, and durable piezoelectric energy-harvesting textiles for wearable applications.
• To investigate the impact of weave structure and nanofiber alignment on energy harvesting performance.

Main Methods:

• Conjugate electrospinning was used to create PZT/SMPU (lead zirconate titanate/shape memory polyurethane) nanofiber yarns.
• These yarns were integrated into programmable woven fabrics with plain, twill, and satin structures.
• Finite element analysis (FEA) and mechanical/electrical testing were employed to evaluate device performance.

Main Results:

• Satin weave fabrics demonstrated superior energy output (343.34 mV, 411.08 pA) compared to plain weaves under vibration.
• FEA indicated significantly higher surface stress in satin structures, contributing to enhanced performance.
• Shape-memory-assisted pre-deformation boosted curved-surface performance by over 100%, with excellent durability (>95% voltage retention after 31,600 cycles).

Conclusions:

• Synergistic enhancement achieved through aligned nanofibers and low-interlacing satin weave design.
• Demonstrated a scalable strategy for creating high-sensitivity, conformal, and durable energy-harvesting textiles.
• Paved the way for advanced piezoelectric textiles in next-generation wearable electronics.