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Dietary Anthocyanins: Processing, Pharmacokinetics and Novel Encapsulation/Delivery Systems
Dandan Ma1,2, Yong Cheng1,2, Mengli Geng1,2
1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|June 5, 2026
Summary
Anthocyanins (ACNs) have health benefits but poor stability and bioavailability limit their use in functional foods. This review links ACN structure, pharmacokinetics, and delivery systems to guide formulation development.
Area of Science:
- Food Science
- Nutritional Biochemistry
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Anthocyanins (ACNs) are flavonoid pigments in plants with health benefits.
- ACNs exhibit poor stability and bioavailability due to pH-dependent structural changes and metabolism.
- Current reviews often separate ACN bioactivity and delivery technologies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose an integrative framework linking ACN structural vulnerability, pharmacokinetic limitations, and delivery system design.
- To critically evaluate encapsulation platforms for improving ACN stability, bioavailability, and functional performance.
- To provide guidance for developing ACN-based functional food formulations.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing research on ACNs, stability, bioavailability, and delivery systems.
- Critical evaluation of emerging encapsulation technologies (e.g., nanoparticles, liposomes) for ACNs.
- Analysis of safety and regulatory aspects related to ACN functional food applications.
Main Results:
- A framework is proposed connecting ACN structural instability to pharmacokinetic challenges.
- Encapsulation platforms show potential for enhancing ACN stability, gastrointestinal retention, and release.
- Optimizing delivery systems requires considering ACNs' spatiotemporal fate and metabolism.
Conclusions:
- An integrated approach is needed to overcome ACN limitations in functional foods.
- Pharmacokinetics-guided and stimuli-responsive delivery strategies are crucial for maximizing ACN benefits.
- This review offers practical insights for ACN functional food formulation and development.
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