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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies. Common...

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Outcomes Associated With Infective Endocarditis in Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Patients.

Parth S Patel1, Ojasav Sehrawat2, Anas Hashem3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.

Mayo Clinic Proceedings
|June 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infective endocarditis (IE) in cardiac intensive care units has high mortality. Early surgery improves short-term survival, but long-term outcomes for IE patients remain poor.

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Published on: January 16, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious infection affecting heart valves.
  • Cardiac intensive care units (CICUs) manage the most severe IE cases.
  • Understanding IE patient characteristics and outcomes in the CICU is crucial for improving care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics of patients with infective endocarditis admitted to a cardiac intensive care unit.
  • To analyze associations between patient factors, treatment, and outcomes in this high-risk population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 233 adult patients with confirmed acute IE admitted to the Mayo Clinic CICU (2007-2018).
  • Data collected included demographics, clinical factors, laboratory findings, and outcomes.
  • Patients were categorized by cardiac surgery status: performed, indicated but declined, or not indicated. Mortality was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression.

Main Results:

  • Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism (42.7%).
  • 30-day mortality was 24.9%, predicted by age, illness severity, comorbidities, and critical care needs.
  • Declining surgery significantly increased 30-day (60.4%) and 1-year (85.1%) mortality compared to undergoing surgery or having no indication for it.

Conclusions:

  • Infective endocarditis in CICU patients carries a high mortality risk.
  • Severity scores, comorbidities, and critical care needs are significant predictors of mortality.
  • While early surgical intervention improves short-term outcomes, long-term mortality for IE patients remains a significant concern.