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Ecological Risk Assessment of Nickel Leaching from Ferronickel Slag-Containing Concrete Using Species Sensitivity

Yuki Takai¹, Amber Marie Jones², Jeffrey Lebepe³

¹Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management

|June 5, 2026

Summary

Ferronickel slag in concrete shows limited nickel release, suggesting safe marine infrastructure use. This study assessed nickel leaching using species sensitivity distribution (SSD) and leaching experiments.

Keywords:

Heavy metal leaching ecotoxicology marine environment protection recycled aggregate

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Materials Science
Marine Ecology

Background:

Ferronickel slag, a stainless steel production byproduct, is explored for marine infrastructure.
Concerns exist regarding nickel release and ecological impacts from slag utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate nickel leaching from ferronickel slag-containing concrete in marine environments.
To assess the ecological risks associated with using ferronickel slag as a construction material.

Main Methods:

Species sensitivity distribution (SSD) analysis to determine hazardous concentrations (HC5) for nickel.
Leaching experiments using concrete blocks with varying slag replacement ratios (0-60%) in artificial seawater.

Main Results:

The hazardous concentration for 5% of species (HC5) for nickel was determined to be 6.09 µg/L.
Nickel leaching reached a plateau at higher slag replacement ratios (45% and 60%).
Estimated maximum allowable surface area suggests limited ecological effects under dispersion conditions.

Conclusions:

Ferronickel slag concrete shows potential for environmentally responsible marine applications.
Integrated leaching and ecological risk assessment provides a screening-level evaluation.
Dilution and dispersion are key factors in mitigating potential adverse effects.