MicroRNA-mediated regulation of inflammatory gene expression in asthma

Asthma is a long-term inflammatory condition of the airways that includes complex immune dysregulation, epithelial barrier issues, and structural remodelling. The critical function of the miRNAs as modulators of inflammatory gene expression in asthma is highlighted by recent studies. It regulates immune cell development, cytokine production, and important signalling pathways like MAPK, JAK/STAT, and NF-κB. The let-7 family, miR-21, miR-155, and miR-126aresignificantin Th2-driven eosinophilic asthma and inflammation caused by neutrophils. Smooth muscle cell growth and epithelial cell transformation are two ways that disrupt the miRNA networks that impact the airways. Early laboratory studies have demonstrated the potential of the miRNA mimics and antagomirs as treatment methods. However, targeting issues, undesirable interactions, and long-term safety concerns make their application difficult in medical diagnosis. This review describes phenotype-specific miRNA patterns, evaluates their biomarker potential in disease severity and therapy response, updates and critically summarises miRNA biogenesis, and contrasts new miRNA approaches with existing biologic therapies.