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Biofunctionalized polymer semiconductors toward soft and stretchable transistor-based biosensors.

Chuanzhen Zhao1, Qianhe Liu1, Jia-Yuan Chang1,2

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Science Advances
|June 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method to add biomolecules to stretchable polymer semiconductors (PSCs). This allows for highly sensitive wearable biosensors capable of detecting cortisol at picomolar levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Organic Electronics

Background:

  • Organic materials with tunable properties are crucial for biomedical applications.
  • Polymer semiconductors (PSCs) offer skin-like mechanics but lack biofunctionalization for biosensing.
  • Existing methods limit the integration of biomolecules into PSCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a direct biofunctionalization strategy for PSCs.
  • To create stretchable, skin-like biosensors with enhanced sensitivity.
  • To enable high-resolution patterning of biomolecules on PSCs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized thiol-ene chemistry for selective grafting of thiolated biomolecules (e.g., aptamers) onto elastomeric domains within PSCs.
  • Fabricated electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors with biofunctionalized channels.
  • Tested device stability in physiological buffers and performance under strain.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high-resolution patterning down to 10 micrometers while preserving electronic performance.
  • Demonstrated stable device operation in physiological buffers for over 50 days.
  • Maintained device performance under up to 50% strain.
  • Achieved sensitive cortisol detection in the picomolar range using aptamer-functionalized sensors.

Conclusions:

  • Established a direct biofunctionalization strategy for PSCs using thiol-ene chemistry.
  • Developed stable, stretchable, and highly sensitive wearable biosensors.
  • Paved the way for integrating biofunctional PSCs into advanced skin-like wearable devices.