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Related Concept Videos

Halogens03:01

Halogens

Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group.
Gas Exchange and Transport01:20

Gas Exchange and Transport

Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them.
Supercritical Fluid Chromatography01:18

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
SFC utilizes a supercritical fluid mobile phase,...
Gas Solubility01:31

Gas Solubility

Gas solubility in liquids forms liquid-gas solutions, such as soft drinks, where carbon dioxide is dissolved in water, and the ocean, where the solubility of oxygen and carbon dioxide supports marine life. The ability of oceans to dissolve gases impacts weather conditions in the troposphere.However, gas-liquid interactions vary. For instance, hydrogen chloride gas is highly soluble in water, while oxygen's solubility is much lower. Because these solutions are non-ideal, Raoult’s law, which...
Adsorption of Gases on Solids01:28

Adsorption of Gases on Solids

Adsorption is a process where molecules, known as the adsorbates, accumulate on a surface, which is referred to as the adsorbent or substrate. Occurring at the solid-gas interface, this phenomenon is crucial in various scientific and industrial contexts. The reverse of adsorption is desorption.Two types of adsorptions exist: physical (physisorption) and chemical (chemisorption). Physisorption involves gas molecules held to the solid's surface by relatively weak intermolecular van der Waals...
Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes
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Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

Published on: August 16, 2018

CO2 Transport Behavior in Perfluoropolyether Elastomers for Gas Separation Applications.

Sinan Feng1, Anh Phuong Le Thi1, Sono Sasaki2

  • 1Research Center for Negative Emissions Technologies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|June 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study enhanced fluoropolymer membranes for CO2 capture by adding silica. The modified membranes show improved CO2 selectivity and sorption capacity without significantly reducing CO2 permeability.

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Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia

Published on: October 10, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Fluoropolymer membranes are vital for gas separation due to chemical stability.
  • A key challenge is the permeability-selectivity trade-off, limiting CO2 capture and natural gas purification.
  • Perfluoropolyether (PFPE) elastomers offer high permeability but require performance enhancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate CO2 transport in PFPE elastomers and their silica composites.
  • To understand how silica incorporation impacts CO2 permeability, diffusivity, and solubility.
  • To determine if silica fillers can overcome the permeability-selectivity trade-off in PFPE membranes for CO2/N2 separation.

Main Methods:

  • Time-resolved attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used to quantify CO2 transport.
  • Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was employed to measure CO2 sorption.
  • Systematic examination of CO2 diffusion and solubility in neat PFPE and silica-filled PFPE composites.

Main Results:

  • Neat PFPE elastomer exhibited high CO2 permeability (1218 Barrer) and low glass transition temperature (-52 °C).
  • Silica incorporation (8.5 wt %) increased CO2 sorption capacity by 21% (15.10 to 18.35 mg/g·atm).
  • CO2/N2 selectivity improved from 5.8 to 7.2 with only a 4.4% decrease in CO2 permeability (1164 Barrer).

Conclusions:

  • Silica nanoparticles enhance CO2 sorption via interfacial free volume.
  • Increased membrane tortuosity due to silica preferentially hinders N2 diffusion, improving selectivity.
  • Silica-filled PFPE elastomers present a promising strategy for efficient CO2/N2 separation membranes.