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Stopping and changing expected and unexpected movements.

Simon Weber1, Nicholas Vucak1, Sauro E Salomoni1

  • 1Sensorimotor Neuroscience and Aging Research Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia.

Biological Psychology
|June 5, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anticipating movement demands affects action initiation and reprogramming, but not the core stopping mechanism itself. This research clarifies how expectations influence our ability to cancel or adapt movements.

Keywords:
Action cancellationElectromyographyInhibitionResponse inhibitionStop change taskStop signal task

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • Action initiation speed is influenced by movement expectations.
  • The impact of expectations on action cancellation and adaptation is not well understood.
  • Understanding these processes is crucial for real-world navigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how movement expectations affect action cancellation and adaptation.
  • To differentiate the effects of expectations on stopping versus action reprogramming.
  • To identify potential confounds in existing research methodologies.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments involving 50 healthy adults.
  • Utilized stop signal and stop change tasks with biasing cues.
  • Measured behavioral responses and physiological (electromyographical) data.

Main Results:

  • Biasing cues did not influence stopping speed but affected action reprogramming.
  • Stopping was faster in the stop change task than the stop signal task in one experiment.
  • A second experiment highlighted task instruction sensitivity and potential confounds.
  • Action reprogramming post-stopping was faster in trials congruent with expectations.

Conclusions:

  • Preparatory changes linked to movement expectations influence movement execution before and after stopping.
  • The core action stopping mechanism appears independent of these preparatory changes.
  • Findings inform our understanding of action cancellation and adaptation in dynamic environments.