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Stigma Resistance by Adult Self-Advocates With Intellectual Disabilities.

Nikos Sarras1, Lisa Richardson1,2, Eve Bolland1

  • 1UCL Unit for Stigma Research, University College London, London, UK.

Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities : JARID
|June 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary

People with intellectual disabilities resist stigma by asserting themselves, speaking out, using lived experiences, and strengthening positive identities. Understanding these strategies is key to combating discrimination.

Keywords:
intellectual disabilityself‐advocacystigmastigma resistancestrengths‐based approach

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Area of Science:

  • Disability Studies
  • Social Psychology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Intellectual disabilities are often accompanied by stigma, yet understanding how individuals resist this stigma remains limited.
  • Self-advocates with intellectual disabilities provide a crucial perspective on managing and resisting societal stigma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To qualitatively explore stigma resistance strategies employed by individuals with intellectual disabilities.
  • To identify barriers and facilitators influencing stigma resistance from the viewpoint of self-advocates.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted semi-structured virtual interviews with 16 adult self-advocates.
  • Employed thematic analysis to interpret interview transcripts and identify key themes.

Main Results:

  • Identified four primary themes of stigma resistance: asserting oneself, speaking out, leveraging lived experience for change, and cultivating positive identities.
  • Found that perceived barriers and facilitators to stigma resistance are connected to both personal and environmental factors.

Conclusions:

  • This research enhances understanding of how individuals with intellectual disabilities actively resist stigma.
  • Highlights the significance of both individual and collective resistance efforts.
  • Underscores the ongoing need to address systemic stigma within institutional and social structures marked by power imbalances.