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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a DNA...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...

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Updated: Jun 7, 2026

A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3
11:44

A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3

Published on: January 24, 2016

MORC3 represses a tandem repeat enhancer to regulate interferon.

Luisa Krumwiede1,2, David Hollaus1,2, Erika Valeri1

  • 1Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.

The EMBO Journal
|June 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viruses inhibit the antiviral protein MORC3, which normally represses interferon production. Loss of MORC3 unleashes potent, IRF3/7-independent interferon induction via PU.1 binding sites at tandem repeats.

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Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3
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Published on: January 24, 2016

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Published on: September 20, 2018

In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing
10:44

In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing

Published on: May 5, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • The antiviral protein MORC3 is a target for viral antagonism.
  • Viruses inhibit MORC3, leading to significant type-I-interferon (IFN) induction.
  • The mechanism of MORC3-mediated repression and potent IFN induction upon MORC3 loss is not understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate how MORC3 represses the noncanonical type-I-interferon pathway.
  • To understand the mechanism behind potent IFN induction upon MORC3 loss, independent of canonical transcription factors IRF3/7.

Main Methods:

  • Chromatin accessibility assays to identify MORC3-restricted elements.
  • Reporter assays to assess enhancer activity upon MORC3 loss.
  • Identification of transcription factor binding sites within tandem repeats.

Main Results:

  • MORC3 restricts chromatin accessibility at tandem repeat elements with homotypic transcription factor motifs.
  • A specific tandem repeat with 45 PU.1 binding sites acts as a potent IFNB1 enhancer upon MORC3 loss.
  • PU.1 recruits MORC3 to repress this enhancer via DAXX and H3.3 incorporation, driving IRF3/7-independent IFN induction.

Conclusions:

  • MORC3 employs a transcription factor motif cluster-driven repression mechanism at tandem repeats.
  • This mechanism specifically represses an IFNB1 enhancer, allowing viral antagonism of MORC3 to induce interferon.
  • MORC3 plays a critical role in regulating innate immune responses to viral infections.