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Stomata in motion: How temperature shapes guard cell function and developmental plasticity
Shao-Li Yang1,2, Martijn van Zanten3, Ive De Smet1,2
1Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
Abstract:
Stomata, the micropores on plant epidermal surfaces, balance the gain of inorganic carbon with evaporative loss of water. Stomata consist of two specialised guard cells that regulate aperture in a turgor-driven manner. Stomatal development (number and size) and dynamics (opening and closing) are both factors determining performance and survival under stressful conditions. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of stomatal development and dynamics is thus key for developing crops that are resilient to climate warming. This Tansley insight summarises the current knowledge of how temperature cues control stomatal dynamics for rapid responses and feed into stomatal developmental programmes for long-term adaptation.
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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Transcription
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...

