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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate01:20

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate

Assessment of Ventilation
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:
Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles01:30

Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles

A thorough assessment of respiratory health is paramount in clinical settings to identify and manage respiratory distress and ensure adequate oxygenation. This article elaborates on the critical aspects of respiratory evaluation, including airway assessment, skin color examination, and the observation of accessory muscle use, which are integral to effectively diagnosing and managing patients with respiratory conditions.
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management01:22

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned under...
Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
Administering Oxygen by Mask01:30

Administering Oxygen by Mask

Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes:
Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask01:26

Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask

The human body requires oxygen to function, and when the natural process of respiration is hindered, external devices, including the following, are needed to help deliver this vital gas.
Nasal Cannula
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split at one end into two prongs and placed in the nostrils. It is typically used to deliver low to medium levels of oxygen.
Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting:...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Quantitative Mapping of Specific Ventilation in the Human Lung using Proton Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Oxygen as a Contrast Agent
08:26

Quantitative Mapping of Specific Ventilation in the Human Lung using Proton Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Oxygen as a Contrast Agent

Published on: June 5, 2019

Prospective development and validation of an objective classification for difficult facemask ventilation: the MASCAN

Viktor A Wünsch1, Hannes Bommes1, Milan Piltan1

  • 1Department of Anaesthesiology, Centre for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

Anaesthesia
|June 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new MASCAN score objectively classifies difficult facemask ventilation using five key indicators. This data-driven tool enhances airway documentation and clinical decision-making for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
airway managementfacemask ventilationrespiratory system

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Airway Management
  • Medical Informatics

Background:

  • Difficult facemask ventilation lacks a standardized definition, causing inconsistent identification in clinical practice.
  • Objective classification is needed to improve consistency in research and patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an objective classification and numeric score for difficult facemask ventilation.
  • To establish clear criteria for identifying challenging mask ventilation scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study of 400 patients undergoing tracheal intubation for ENT or maxillofacial surgery.
  • Facemask ventilation was assessed for indicators including grip, airway adjuncts, operator, ventilation method, oxygen saturation, tidal volume, and leak fraction.
  • A multivariable logistic regression model (MASCAN model) and score were developed using selected indicators.

Main Results:

  • Difficult facemask ventilation occurred in 10.8% of patients.
  • Five indicators formed the MASCAN model and score: two-handed grip, oral airway use, jaw thrust, low tidal volume, and significant oxygen saturation drop.
  • The MASCAN model achieved an AUC of 0.96, and the MASCAN score achieved 0.94, demonstrating high accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • The MASCAN score provides an objective, data-driven classification for difficult facemask ventilation.
  • Defined thresholds of the MASCAN score can improve airway documentation.
  • This score may inform and enhance future airway management strategies.