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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers01:28

Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers

Synthetic polymers are classified as elastomers, fibers, or plastics based on their crystallinity. Crystallinity, the degree of long-range order in the solid state, influences the mechanical properties (stretching or contracting) of elastomers. Elastomers are flexible polymers that can expand or contract easily upon the application of an external force. They have numerous crosslinks that pull them back into their original shape when stress is removed. Silicones, for instance, are highly elastic...
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Theory of Strong Electrolytes01:23

Theory of Strong Electrolytes

The interionic forces of the strong electrolytes depend on the solvent's dielectric constant, which is the ability of a solvent to store electrical energy, based on its polarizability. and the solution's concentration. In high-dielectric solvents and in dilute solutions, weak electrostatic forces keep ions apart. However, in low-dielectric solvents or concentrated solutions, stronger interionic forces may cause ions to pair up as ionic doublets despite being fully ionized. The theory of strong...

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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Decoupling Stiffness and Toughness in Solid Polymer Electrolytes via Reversible Crystallization.

Shuto Fujisawa1, Kei Hashimoto2, Ryota Tamate3

  • 1Materials Chemistry Course, Department of Materials Science and Processing, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|June 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed tough, stretchable solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) by decoupling toughness from stiffness. This innovation enhances electrochemical device performance and safety using strain-induced crystallization.

Keywords:
X-ray scatteringbatterymechanical propertiessensorsolid polymer electrolytestrain-induced crystallization

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) offer flexibility and nonflammability for advanced electrochemical devices.
  • Conventional SPEs face a trade-off: improving toughness often increases stiffness, leading to brittleness and poor electrode conformability.
  • Thermally reversible crystals (TRCs) in polymers contribute to stiffness but limit stretchability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To decouple toughness from stiffness in solid polymer electrolytes.
  • To create soft, tough, and stretchable SPEs using a novel material design strategy.
  • To enhance the conformability and electrochemical performance of SPEs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized strain-induced crystallization (SIC) in a homogeneous four-branched poly(ethylene glycol) (Tetra-PEG) network.
  • Introduced stiffness via TRCs of PEG to achieve both stiffness and fracture resistance.
  • Investigated thermoplastic behavior upon heating for improved electrode conformability.

Main Results:

  • Achieved significant toughness enhancement without increasing stiffness using SIC.
  • Developed SPEs that are soft, tough, and highly stretchable.
  • Demonstrated that reintroducing stiffness via TRCs results in stiff, fracture-resistant materials with thermoplastic properties.
  • Achieved stable long-term cycling in Li|Tetra-PEG SPE|Li symmetric cells with reversible lithium plating/stripping.

Conclusions:

  • The material design strategy effectively decouples toughness from stiffness in SPEs.
  • Overcame conventional trade-offs in SPE development, enabling enhanced performance and safety.
  • The developed SPEs show promise for next-generation stretchable electrochemical devices.