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The rise of the skin bleaching crisis: global perspectives
Ncoza Cordelia Dlova1, Olufolakemi Motunsope Cole-Adeife2, Nkechi Anne Enechukwu3
1Dermatology Department, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Abstract:
Skin bleaching is a global practice driven by intersecting historical, cultural, psychological, and economic influences that equate lighter skin with beauty, status, and opportunity. Its prevalence remains high among skin-of-color populations globally. Traditional agents, such as hydroquinone, mercury, and corticosteroids, persist alongside newer agents and medicalized regimens with oral and injectable agents. Associated complications span dermatologic, systemic, and psychosocial domains, constituting the emerging skin bleaching phenomenon. Despite regulatory restrictions, enforcement remains inconsistent. This narrative review examines the global epidemiology, evolving demographics, complications, and regulatory landscapes and outlines collaborative clinical, public health, regulatory, and sociocultural strategies to address this persistent global health concern.
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