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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

An automated quantitative report for multiple sclerosis using only 3D T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI.

Zoe Mendelsohn1,2, Ferran Prados3,4, Giuseppe Pontillo3,5

  • 1Institute of Neuroradiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany. z.mendelsohn@ucl.ac.uk.

Neuroradiology
|June 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary

We created an open-source quantitative report (QReport) for multiple sclerosis (MS) using 3D T2-FLAIR MRI scans. This tool provides validated imaging biomarker quantification and reference data for better clinical interpretation.

Keywords:
Fluid-attenuated inversion recoveryMRIMultiple sclerosisQReportQuantitative report

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Radiology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Automated tools for multiple sclerosis (MS) imaging biomarkers often require specialized MRI sequences and lack comprehensive reference data.
  • This limits the routine clinical application and interpretation of quantitative imaging metrics in MS patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an open-source quantitative report (QReport) integrating validated 3D T2-FLAIR quantification methods with multi-center MS and healthy reference models.
  • To present quantitative imaging biomarkers in a structured graphical report for improved contextualized interpretation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective collection of 2516 3D T2-FLAIR scans from 1723 healthy controls (HC) and 793 people with MS (pwMS) across 14 centers.
  • Application of validated T2-FLAIR-based algorithms to quantify lesion count (LC), lesion volume (LV), brain volume (BV), and BrainAGE.
  • Development of a QReport to display single-subject measures against normative distributions (5th, 50th, 95th percentiles) for pwMS and HC.

Main Results:

  • The QReport successfully contextualized quantitative imaging biomarkers, including BrainAGE, against reference distributions.
  • In evaluations by four neuroradiologists, QReport outputs showed Moderate-to-Complete agreement with visual assessment in 94% of cases.
  • The QReport was rated as useful in 82% of the evaluated cases, demonstrating its clinical utility.

Conclusions:

  • An MS-specific QReport was developed, requiring only 3D T2-FLAIR MRI.
  • The QReport integrates validated quantification algorithms and BrainAGE within a clinically interpretable framework.
  • This tool supports the contextualized interpretation of MS imaging biomarkers using readily available MRI sequences.