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An Electroporation Method to Transform Rickettsia spp. with a Fluorescent Protein-Expressing Shuttle Vector in Tick Cell Lines
Published on: October 11, 2022
Rickettsiosis: existing advances and future opportunities for the development of vaccines
Hassian León-Montoya1, Martha Reyes-Becerril1, Carlos Angulo2
1Immunology & Vaccinology Group and Laboratorio Nacional CONAHCYT de Generación de Vacunas Veterinarias y Servicios de Diagnóstico (LNC-GVD), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur , La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, México.
Abstract:
Rickettsioses is a zoonotic disease caused by an intracellular bacterium transmitted through the bites of hematophagous arthropods. While antibiotics can effectively treat this disease, overuse may lead to the development of antibiotic resistance. To combat this issue, vaccine development has been pursued to address this bacterial infection. The types of vaccines formulated against Rickettsia include inactivated, live-attenuated, subunit, DNA, and nanovaccines, all of which induced immune responses, and some demonstrated protective efficacy against infectious challenges. These outcomes have encouraged new scientific efforts to develop vaccines against rickettsiosis. Therefore, this review focuses on describing Rickettsia classification, transmission, pathogenesis, and immune evasion, followed by a discussion of advancements in vaccine development against Rickettsia, detailing the antigens, synthesis and production, formulations, immunization, delivery strategies, and protective efficacy. Additionally, challenges for Rickettsia vaccines were identified and placed in perspective as future opportunities.
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