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Related Concept Videos

Enteral Nutrition I: Orogastric and Nasogastric Feeding01:26

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Enteral nutrition delivers nutrients directly to the stomach or small intestine through a tube. This method is appropriate for patients who cannot eat but still have a functioning digestive system. It is also beneficial for individuals with swallowing difficulties, anorexia, malabsorption, or those who have undergone gastrointestinal (GI) surgery.
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Bioequivalence in generic drugs, such as tablets and capsules, refers to their pharmaceutical equivalence to the brand-name counterparts. However, for therapeutic equivalence, manufacturers must also consider physical attributes like size, shape, and weight (FDA Guidance for Industry, December 2003). Discrepancies in these aspects could impact patient compliance and cause medication errors. For instance, swallowing difficulties, often experienced with larger tablets or capsules, can lead to...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction01:23

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Oral drug delivery is the most common route of administration due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and high patient compliance. It enables precise formulation to ensure proper drug dosage and bioavailability. The development of oral dosage forms considers drug properties such as solubility, stability, and absorption to optimize therapeutic efficacy.Tablets, capsules, liquids, and chewable formulations enhance drug stability, mask undesirable tastes, and improve patient experience.
Enteral Nutrition II: Nasointestinal and Gastrostomy Feeding01:15

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Enteral nutrition encompasses various methods of delivering nutrition directly to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, bypassing traditional oral intake. It is particularly beneficial for patients who cannot eat by mouth but have a functioning digestive system. Key methods include nasointestinal feeding, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy, each suited to different clinical scenarios based on the patient's needs and condition.
Nasointestinal Feeding
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...

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Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices
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Chewable or Swallowable? Patient-Reported Adherence and Satisfaction with Post Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery

Aparna Govil1,2, Shamika Girkar3, Jan Willem Greve4

  • 1MetaHeal Laparoscopy and Bariatric Surgery Center, Mumbai, India. draparnagovil@gmail.com.

Obesity Surgery
|June 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Swallowable supplements are preferred over chewable options by patients after metabolic and bariatric surgery in India, showing higher satisfaction and adherence. Patient preferences for taste, ease of swallowing, and cost are key for long-term nutritional compliance.

Keywords:
Bariatric surgeryChewable vs swallowableIndiaMetabolic healthMicronutrient deficiencySupplement adherence

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Concept Development and Use of an Automated Food Intake and Eating Behavior Assessment Method

Published on: February 19, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Bariatric Surgery
  • Nutritional Science
  • Patient Adherence

Background:

  • Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) leads to significant weight loss but increases risk of micronutrient deficiencies.
  • Lifelong supplementation is crucial, yet adherence declines over time, influenced by factors like cost and availability in settings like India.
  • Limited real-world data compares chewable vs. swallowable supplement adherence, satisfaction, and preferences in diverse patient populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare adherence, tolerability, and satisfaction between chewable and swallowable supplements in Indian patients post-MBS.
  • To identify factors influencing formulation choice, supplement discontinuation, and perceived impact on health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional survey of 110 adults at least one month post-MBS (RYGB or SG) in Mumbai.
  • Structured questionnaire assessed supplement type, adherence, swallowing difficulty, satisfaction (Likert scale), and preference drivers (taste, cost, convenience).
  • Statistical analysis explored associations between supplement formulation and adherence.

Main Results:

  • Swallowable formulations were preferred by 70% of participants; 41% discontinued supplements post-surgery.
  • Swallowable users reported higher satisfaction (68% vs. 30%) and significantly better current use (93.5% vs. 75.8%, p=0.021).
  • Key preference drivers included ease of swallowing (35%), taste/mouthfeel (34%), and physician advice (23%); 72% believed formulation impacts health.

Conclusions:

  • Swallowable supplements are associated with higher patient satisfaction and sustained adherence, suggesting their acceptability in routine practice.
  • Patient-centered strategies prioritizing palatability, convenience, and accessibility are essential for long-term supplementation in the Indian context.
  • Incorporating patient preferences, despite concerns about swallowing, is vital for improving adherence to essential post-MBS nutritional strategies.