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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence
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Do suicide attempts increase in severity or frequency across repeat attempts?

Gamal Wafy1, Ian Colman1, Zainab Samaan2

  • 1School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Canada.

Journal of Psychiatric Research
|June 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found no increase in the intent, lethality, or frequency of repeat suicide attempts in patients with mood disorders. These findings suggest suicidal behavior may not worsen over time in this population.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Mental Health Research
  • Longitudinal Studies

Background:

  • Limited longitudinal data exists on changes in suicide attempt severity (intent, lethality) in mood disorder patients.
  • This study examined if medical lethality or intent scores increase, or time intervals decrease, across repeated suicide attempts, testing a sensitization framework.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in suicide attempt intent and lethality over time in individuals with mood disorders.
  • To determine if repeat suicide attempts become more frequent or severe, as predicted by sensitization theory.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary data analysis of adult participants with multiple suicide attempts from the National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Depression Study (CDS).
  • Suicide attempt intent and lethality rated using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS).
  • Ordinal generalized estimating equations used to analyze changes across repeat attempts.

Main Results:

  • Over a mean 19-year follow-up, 146 participants had 654 repeat suicide attempts.
  • No consistent decrease in time intervals between attempts was observed.
  • Intent scores showed a slight decrease (OR=0.96, p=0.03), while lethality scores did not significantly increase (OR=1.01, p=0.69).

Conclusions:

  • The study found no evidence of increasing intent, lethality, or frequency in repeat suicide attempts among individuals with mood disorders.
  • This suggests that suicidal behavior in mood disorder patients may not follow a progressively worsening trajectory.
  • Findings from this high-acuity clinical sample may not generalize to broader populations.