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Multi-objective optimization of total solid waste filling ratio based on NSGA-III and entropy-weighted TOPSIS method
Huisheng Qu1, Tiantian Li2,3, Lang Liu1,4
1College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an, 710054, China.
Scientific Reports
|June 6, 2026
Summary
This study developed a novel cemented backfill material using only industrial by-products like coal slag and gypsum, mixed with high-salinity wastewater. This eco-friendly approach reduces waste disposal pressure and offers a cost-effective alternative to Portland cement for mine backfilling.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Environmental Science and Technology
- Chemical Engineering
Background:
- Coal-chemical industries generate significant solid waste and high-salinity wastewater, posing disposal challenges.
- Conventional Portland-cement binders for backfilling are costly and have a high carbon footprint.
- Valorization of industrial by-products is crucial for sustainable waste management and resource utilization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a total solid waste-based cemented backfill (TSW-CPB) material using industrial by-products and high-salinity wastewater (HSW).
- To establish a multi-objective mix-design strategy for optimizing TSW-CPB properties.
- To provide a low-cost, sustainable backfill solution that alleviates waste disposal pressure.
Main Methods:
- Formulation of TSW-CPB using modified magnesium slag (MMS), coarse coal gasification slag (CGS), desulfurized gypsum (DG), and HSW.
- Application of response surface methodology (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design (BBD) to study input factors: mass concentration, aggregate-to-cement ratio, and aggregate grading index.
- Integration of NSGA-III and entropy-weighted TOPSIS for multi-objective optimization of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and slump.
Main Results:
- Developed regression models for UCS and slump with high significance (P < 0.0001).
- Identified optimal mix proportions for pumping (78.76% mass concentration, 1.39 ratio, 0.31 grading index) and self-flowing (77.53% mass concentration, 1.00 ratio, 0.59 grading index) conditions.
- Hydration and microstructural analyses revealed CGS retards reactions, while DG and HSW enhance heat evolution and matrix densification through Friedel's salt formation.
Conclusions:
- The TSW-CPB system effectively utilizes industrial solid wastes and HSW, offering a sustainable and low-cost backfill solution.
- The developed multi-objective optimization methodology is transferable for synergetic valorization of diverse industrial wastes.
- This approach significantly reduces the environmental burden associated with coal-chemical industry waste disposal.
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