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In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

In Situ Lithiated Reference Electrode: Four Electrode Design for In-operando Impedance Spectroscopy
09:36

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Published on: September 12, 2018

Ion-Electron Coupling Strategy Induced by Interface Electric Field Enables High-Performance LiFePO4 From Spent

Ji Shen1,2, Miaomiao Zhou1, Zhuozhao Wu2

  • 1School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|June 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed an ion-electron coupling strategy to regenerate spent lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries. This method overcomes transport barriers, enhancing LFP cathode performance and enabling efficient battery recycling.

Keywords:
direct regenerationinterface electric fieldion‐electron couplingmigration kineticsspent lithium iron phosphate cathodes

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Published on: March 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Battery Technology

Background:

  • Direct regeneration of spent lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes is hindered by high energy barriers for simultaneous lithium-ion (Li+) and electron transport.
  • Existing methods have not systematically addressed these coupled transport limitations in LFP regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a novel ion-electron coupling (IEC) strategy for the direct regeneration of spent LFP.
  • To overcome the inherent transport barriers in LFP regeneration through coordinated Li+ and electron flow.

Main Methods:

  • Development of localized boron-carbon (B-C) dipoles on the LFP surface to create a work function (WF) gradient.
  • Utilizing the resulting interfacial electric field (IEF) to drive spontaneous electron flow and establish efficient Li+ transport pathways.
  • Characterization of the regenerated LFP's electrochemical performance and stability.

Main Results:

  • The IEC strategy, driven by IEF, successfully lowered energy barriers for both Li+ and electron transport.
  • Regenerated LFP exhibited excellent rate capacity (111.4 mAh g-1 at 10 C) and long-term stability (86.6% retention after 1000 cycles at 1 C).
  • The IEF was maintained in the regenerated LFP, ensuring sustained rapid charge carrier transport.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed IEC strategy provides a novel and universal approach for upgrading spent LFP cathodes.
  • This method effectively addresses the limitations of direct LFP regeneration, paving the way for improved battery recycling.
  • The findings offer a significant advancement in the field of lithium-ion battery materials and sustainable energy storage.