In silico-screened short amidated peptides engineered for dual bactericidal action and antibiotic delivery through...

Engineered antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer a tractable approach to counter multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, but most candidates lack systematic design, stability, and translational formats. Here, we establish an integrated in silico to in vitro pipeline to develop ultra-short cationic hexapeptides as dual-function antibacterials and drug carriers. Machine learning-guided screening of AMP databases and sequence space identified three hydrophobic, membrane-active lead peptides, viz., AKWRAA-NH₂ (V01), VKWRVV-NH₂ (V02), and LKWRLL-NH₂ (V03). These peptides were specifically chosen as "rational analogues" to test how varying a peptide's hydrophobicity, charge, and amphiphilicity impacts its effectiveness. C-terminal amidation increased net positive charge and physicochemical stability, enhancing electrostatic engagement with bacterial membranes. The peptides exhibited potent activity against priority ESKAPE-associated pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, and showed marked inhibition and disruption of biofilms. Notably, the lead peptide (V03) self-assembled into stable nanoscale structures capable of encapsulating ornidazole, generating a "kill and carry" nanoplatform that combines intrinsic membranolytic activity with delivery of a conventional antibiotic, which otherwise faces resistance. This construct increased local antimicrobial efficacy while reducing free-drug limitations. Our findings demonstrate that data-driven, chemically stabilized short AMPs can be tuned for both direct bactericidal function and cargo delivery, outlining a modular design framework for peptide-based interventions against MDR infections.