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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs. “eh”). Phonemes combine to...
Socioemotional Development during Infancy01:30

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Stella Chess...
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
05:55

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain

Published on: October 13, 2023

Language network functional connectivity in infancy predicts developmental language trajectories.

Lauren Wagner1, Joshua Ceballos2, Emily Chiem3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
|June 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early language development in infants shows distinct brain connectivity patterns. Specific functional connectivity alterations in the infant brain can predict later language delays, offering potential biomarkers for early intervention.

Keywords:
FMRIFunctional connectivityInfancyLanguageLanguage delayNeurodevelopment

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Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
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Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

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Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
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Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization

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Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
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Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain

Published on: October 13, 2023

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
05:35

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization

Published on: April 19, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatric Medicine

Background:

  • Developmental language delays affect 10% of children, yet early neurodevelopmental mechanisms are unclear.
  • Understanding infant language network development is crucial for identifying atypicalities.
  • Resting-state fMRI in infants offers insights into brain function and connectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related changes in infant language network functional connectivity.
  • To identify brain connectivity alterations associated with suboptimal language development.
  • To use machine learning to classify language development trajectories (Typical, Advanced, Lagging).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized resting-state fMRI data from the Baby Connectome Project.
  • Employed seed-based functional connectivity analysis focusing on adult language regions.
  • Applied a data-driven machine learning algorithm to group infants based on language trajectories.
  • Assessed language abilities in infancy and toddlerhood, with two-year outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Observed age-related increases in functional synchrony and specialization within the infant language network.
  • Identified distinct functional connectivity patterns in the Lagging language development group.
  • Found that connectivity differences significantly predicted later language scores at two-year follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • Established normative neurodevelopmental patterns of infant language network connectivity.
  • Identified potential brain connectivity biomarkers for language heterogeneity.
  • Findings may inform future diagnoses and clinical interventions for language delays.