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Comparative Analysis of Diversification Rates in Clonal and Non-Clonal Flowering Plants.

Sonia Kadyan1, Jitka Klimešová1,2, Dimitar Dimitrov3

  • 1Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic.

Ecology Letters
|June 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clonality, or vegetative reproduction, may limit plant species diversification. This study found lower diversification rates in clonal angiosperm genera, suggesting clonal reproduction influences evolutionary dynamics.

Keywords:
angiospermsasexual reproductionclonalityphylogenetic comparative methodsspecies diversificationtip rate estimationstrait evolution

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Ecology
  • Botany

Background:

  • Clonality, vegetative reproduction via belowground organs, is present in approximately half of all plant species.
  • It significantly impacts population size, meiosis frequency, and genetic longevity, potentially influencing diversification rates.
  • Understanding clonality's role is crucial for comprehending plant evolutionary dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of clonality on diversification rates in angiosperms.
  • To compare diversification rates across clonal, mixed, and non-clonal plant genera.
  • To assess whether clonality constrains or promotes angiosperm diversification.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genus-level phylogeny and clonal status data for 16,465 species across 2997 genera.
  • Estimated speciation and net diversification rates using birth-death models (MoM, DR) and Bayesian analysis of Macroevolutionary Mixtures (BAMM).
  • Compared diversification rates between clonal, mixed, and non-clonal genera, considering phylogenetic non-independence.

Main Results:

  • Non-phylogenetic models indicated lower diversification rates in clonal genera, supporting the hypothesis that clonality constrains diversification.
  • The constraining effect of clonality on diversification remained significant even after accounting for phylogenetic non-independence.
  • Monocotyledonous plants exhibited a slightly stronger negative effect of clonality on diversification compared to eudicots.

Conclusions:

  • Clonality appears to limit long-term diversification in angiosperms.
  • The prevalence of clonal reproduction can significantly influence evolutionary trajectories and diversification patterns.
  • These findings highlight the ecological and evolutionary significance of reproductive strategies in shaping plant biodiversity.