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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Complexation Equilibria: Overview01:23

Complexation Equilibria: Overview

Complexation reactions take place when dative or coordinate covalent bonds form between metal ions and ligands. The compounds formed in these reactions are called coordination compounds. The number of bonds formed between the metal ion and the ligands is called its coordination number. Generally, most metal ions in an aqueous solution are solvated by water molecules and thus exist as aqua complexes.
The equilibrium constant of the complexation reaction is represented as the formation constant...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

Cluster-Based Supramolecular Ionic Frameworks: From Construction to Separation Functions.

Bao Li1, Hongxue Wang1, Lixin Wu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.

Accounts of Chemical Research
|June 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces cluster-based supramolecular ionic frameworks (SIFs) using polyoxometalates for advanced separations. These flexible, processable materials offer tunable properties for precise molecular and liquid separations.

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Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
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Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides
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Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides

Published on: July 14, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Synthetic nanoporous materials offer functional applications but suffer from rigidity and poor processability.
  • Existing frameworks often exhibit phase separation when combined with polymers, limiting membrane sustainability.
  • Developing flexible and processable frameworks is crucial for advanced separation technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct cluster-based supramolecular ionic frameworks (CSIFs) with enhanced flexibility and processability.
  • To explore the use of polyoxometalates (POMs) as building blocks for CSIFs.
  • To demonstrate the application of CSIFs in precise nano/molecular separations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing intermolecular interactions to assemble POMs into CSIFs.
  • Investigating synergistic principles between building units and driving forces.
  • Analyzing framework structures and separation mechanisms of CSIF-based membranes.
  • Evaluating CSIF performance in size exclusion, electrostatic adsorption, and liquid-switchable separations.

Main Results:

  • CSIFs exhibit significant structural flexibility, processability, and recyclability.
  • CSIF membranes demonstrate precise sieving of nanoparticles/molecules based on size, charge, and chirality.
  • Tunable pore properties enable liquid-switchable separations of incompatible liquids.
  • Selective gas adsorption is achieved based on molecular polarity via surface electrical potential differences.

Conclusions:

  • CSIFs offer a promising platform for developing advanced separation membranes with tunable properties.
  • The inherent flexibility and diverse functionalities of POMs enable engineering of CSIFs for various applications.
  • CSIFs show potential in selective ion separation, battery anode protection, and catalysis.