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Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Non-aqueous Electrode Processing and Construction of Lithium-ion Coin Cells

Non-aqueous Electrode Processing and Construction of Lithium-ion Coin Cells

Published on: February 1, 2016

Breaking Energy Density-Stress Trade-Off in Anode-Free Lithium Pouch Cells.

Kun Qin^1,2, Liangdong Lin^1,3, Kai Jiang¹

¹Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|June 8, 2026

Summary

Researchers developed new criteria for high-energy, low-swelling lithium metal batteries (LMBs). A space-adaptive buffering (SAB) layer effectively reduced stress accumulation and swelling, enabling practical applications for advanced battery designs.

Keywords:

anode dendrite energy storage li battery materials science stress concentration swelling

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Published on: March 7, 2022

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Energy Storage

Background:

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) offer high energy density but suffer from anode swelling and stress accumulation, hindering practical application.
The critical energy density-stress trade-off in LMBs remains poorly understood, preventing effective solutions for anode expansion and internal stress reduction.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish principle-based criteria for developing high-energy and low-swelling LMBs.
To define boundary parameters for strain-buffering techniques to manage anode expansion and stress.
To validate the efficacy of a space-adaptive buffering (SAB) layer in mitigating stress concentration and improving battery performance.

Main Methods:

Proposed principle-based criteria for LMB development.
Implemented and tested a space-adaptive buffering (SAB) layer on a copper anode.
Fabricated and evaluated Ah-level NCM9||SAB-Cu and NCM811||SAB-Cu pouch cell prototypes.

Main Results:

The SAB layer effectively reduced stress accumulation (SA) and local stress concentration (SC).
NCM9||SAB-Cu pouch cells achieved high energy densities (465 Wh/kg, 1330 Wh/L) with uniform stress distribution and low SC (<2 MPa).
NCM811||SAB-Cu pouch cells demonstrated an optimal balance of energy density (418 Wh/kg, 1061 Wh/L), cycle life (164 cycles, 77% retention), low SA (<2 MPa), and low swelling ratio (3.6%).

Conclusions:

The developed criteria and SAB technique provide a viable pathway for high-energy, low-swelling LMBs.
The SAB-AF-LMB technology shows significant practical feasibility for next-generation energy storage.
Effective management of stress and swelling is crucial for realizing the full potential of lithium metal batteries.