Timing of Coffee Intake Modifies Mortality Risk in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: A Cohort and
Peiyan Liu1, Guixiang Yao2, Yixia Wu1
1Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Summary
Drinking coffee in the morning may reduce mortality risk for individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. This study found morning coffee consumption linked to lower all-cause and cardiovascular death rates, unlike late-day intake.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Health
- Metabolic Syndrome Research
- Renal Function Studies
Background:
- The impact of coffee consumption timing on mortality in individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is not well understood.
- Previous research has not differentiated mortality risks based on when coffee is consumed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify distinct temporal patterns of coffee consumption in adults with CKM syndrome.
- To investigate the association between these coffee consumption patterns and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
- To explore the effects of morning versus late-day coffee consumption on CKM syndrome markers in animal models.
Main Methods:
- Prospective cohort study of 21,553 adults with CKM syndrome from NHANES (1999-2018).
- Two-step cluster analysis to identify coffee consumption patterns (morning-type vs. late-day).
- Weighted Cox proportional hazards regression for mortality risk assessment; CKM mouse models for mechanistic insights.
Main Results:
- Two primary coffee consumption patterns identified: morning-type (47.7%) and late-day (5.3%).
- Morning-type coffee consumption was significantly associated with reduced all-cause (HR 0.79) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.75).
- CKM mice consuming coffee in the morning showed improved metabolic/renal function and reduced inflammatory markers; late-day consumption yielded no benefits.
Conclusions:
- Coffee consumption timing significantly influences its association with mortality risk in individuals with CKM syndrome.
- Morning coffee intake demonstrates a protective association against mortality, independent of total consumption.
- These findings underscore the importance of considering the timing of coffee intake for cardiovascular and metabolic health.
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