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Types of Global Positioning System Surveys

Types of Global Positioning System Surveys

GPS surveying methods vary in application, accuracy, and data collection techniques, catering to diverse surveying and mapping needs. Static GPS, kinematic GPS, and real-time kinematic (RTK) surveying are widely used. Each technique offers distinct advantages.Static GPS involves placing one receiver at a known reference point and another at the target point. It collects exact positional data by observing multiple satellite ranges over an extended period, achieving centimeter-level accuracy for...

Introduction to Global Positioning System

Introduction to Global Positioning System

The Global Positioning System (GPS) revolutionized positioning on Earth, providing precise location data through satellite ranging. The GPS system was developed in 1978 by the U.S. Department of Defense for military use, and it became available for civilian applications in 1983, transforming fields including navigation, fleet management, and time synchronization for telecommunications systems.GPS consists of satellites in medium Earth orbit, about 20,200 kilometers above the surface,...

Latitudes and Departures

Latitudes and Departures

Latitudes and departures are essential concepts in surveying, providing a systematic way to analyze the projections of traverse lines. These projections allow surveyors to interpret a line's north-south and east-west components, which are crucial for precisely calculating areas, bearings, and lengths. Latitude is the north-south projection of a line, calculated as the product of the line's length and the cosine of its bearing. Departure, conversely, is the east-west projection obtained by...

Design Example: Marking Boundaries of a Site Using a Compass

Design Example: Marking Boundaries of a Site Using a Compass

Marking site boundaries using a compass is a precise surveying technique that ensures the accuracy of boundary delineation. The process begins by using provided site details, including the bearings and lengths of each boundary line. The initial step involves calculating latitudes and departures for all sides of the site. This computation verifies that the traverse is free of errors, ensuring a closed and accurate boundary.The process starts at a known point, such as Point A, which is often...

Errors in Global Positioning System

Errors in Global Positioning System

Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has revolutionized navigation and positioning, but its accuracy is often compromised by various errors. These errors, stemming from environmental, satellite, and receiver-related factors, require careful mitigation to ensure reliable performance across applications.Atmospheric ErrorsGPS signals travel through the Earth’s ionosphere and troposphere, introducing delays which affect accuracy. The ionosphere is strongly influenced by charged particles,...

Design Example: Identifying the Locations of Monuments in the Field Using Global Positioning System Device

Design Example: Identifying the Locations of Monuments in the Field Using Global Positioning System Device

Surveyors use Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to measure the precise location and elevation of points on Earth. In a recent survey, GPS receivers were used to determine the coordinates and elevations of two park monuments. The process involved careful mission planning, data collection, and correction to ensure accuracy. The survey began with mission planning to identify optimal satellite visibility and minimize Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP). A geodetic control point served as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-driving Emissions (RDE) Regulation in Europe

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-driving Emissions (RDE) Regulation in Europe

Published on: December 4, 2016

Establishing navigated UBE in Europe - technical note.

Nicole Lange¹, Carolin Albrecht¹, Raimunde Liang¹

¹Department of Neurosurgery, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University Munich, Germany.

|June 8, 2026

Summary

Navigation-assisted unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) lumbar decompression enhances surgical precision for spinal stenosis and disc herniation. This minimally invasive technique uses intraoperative 3D imaging to improve reproducibility and patient outcomes.

Keywords:

Endoscopic spine surgery Intraoperative 3D imaging Intraoperative navigation Lumbar disc herniation MIS UBE

More Related Videos

Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound - The Six Landmarks Approach

Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound - The Six Landmarks Approach

Published on: August 11, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-driving Emissions (RDE) Regulation in Europe

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-driving Emissions (RDE) Regulation in Europe

Published on: December 4, 2016

Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound - The Six Landmarks Approach

Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound - The Six Landmarks Approach

Published on: August 11, 2023

Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery

Background:

Unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) lumbar decompression is a minimally invasive approach for degenerative lumbar conditions.
Reproducibility of UBE relies on standardized procedures, imaging, and portal placement.
Integrating navigation and intraoperative 3D imaging can potentially improve UBE technique standardization.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a navigation-assisted workflow for UBE lumbar decompression.
To integrate intraoperative 3D imaging into the UBE procedure.
To evaluate the potential for enhanced precision and reproducibility.

Main Methods:

Patients positioned prone on a radiolucent table with a pelvic reference array.
Intraoperative 3D fluoroscopy and navigational planning for portal placement.
Paramedian incisions for viewing and working portals, with navigation-guided trajectory planning.
Stepwise decompression under continuous endoscopic visualization and irrigation.

Main Results:

Navigation-assisted UBE allows precise trajectory planning.
Controlled portal placement is achieved.
The workflow facilitates targeted osseous decompression while preserving neural structures.

Conclusions:

Navigation-assisted UBE with intraoperative 3D imaging enhances precision.
This approach improves controlled portal placement.
It potentially increases reproducibility in minimally invasive lumbar decompression.