Technology-Driven Ergonomics: A Narrative Review of Innovative Strategies for Preventing Musculoskeletal Disorders in
Mahnaz Shakerian1, Azam Salehi1
1Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran.
Background:
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) remain a major cause of occupational disability, absenteeism, and productivity loss. Traditional ergonomic interventions have shown limited success in addressing their complex, multifactorial nature. Recent advances in digital and biomechanical technologies have created new opportunities for preventive, technology-driven ergonomic strategies. This review explores how these innovations support the prevention and management of MSDs in modern work environments.
Methods:
A structured narrative review was conducted using five major databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) for studies published between 2015 and 2024. Eligible studies focused on technological applications for MSD prevention. A total of 74 studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized across six categories: wearable technologies, artificial intelligence and machine learning, virtual and augmented reality, advanced ergonomic furniture, smart adaptive workstations, and human-robot collaboration.
Results:
Across these domains, interventions consistently improved ergonomic outcomes. Wearable and AI-based systems reduced biomechanical load by 12%-85% and high-risk postures by up to 35%. VR/AR applications enhanced hazard recognition by over 40%, while adaptive furniture and smart workstations reduced spinal load and fatigue by 20%-30%. Collaborative robotics lowered muscular workload by about 35%-40%. Despite clear benefits, gaps remain regarding long-term validation, user acceptance, cost, and ethical data management.
Conclusion:
Technology-driven ergonomics signifies a shift from reactive to proactive occupational health. Integrating real-time analytics, automation, and human-centered design can foster safer, adaptive, and sustainable workplaces. Future research should pursue longitudinal studies, interdisciplinary collaboration, and ethical frameworks to advance digital ergonomics and promote worker well-being.
