Musa balbisiana Seed: A Study on Extraction and the Components

Musa balbisiana seeds contain a variety of important bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the efficacy of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to obtain polyphenol- and saponin-rich extracts from M. balbisiana seeds. The single-factor influence factors, as well as the optimal conditions for the extraction, were investigated. The study also included the evaluation of the composition and content of bioactive compounds, as well as the fractionation and identification of the major compound in the purified fraction. The experimental results showed that the MAE method was superior in obtaining extracts rich in polyphenols and saponins compared to the UAE method. Under the optimal MAE conditions, the total polyphenol content (TPC) and total saponin content (TSC) in the M. balbisiana seed extract reached a maximum of 269.76 mgGAE/gDM and 171.36 mg/gDM, respectively, when extracted at 80% methanol, 4 s/min microwave irradiation cycle, and 40-min microwave time. The seed extract showed characteristic peaks for polyphenols and saponins, as confirmed by Raman and FT-IR spectra. After fractionating the seed extract, it was determined that quercetin-3-o-rutinose was the major compound in the purified fraction.