Impact of Advanced Maternal Age on Laboratory Markers in Preeclamptic Pregnancies: A Cross-Sectional Study

Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity worldwide. Advanced maternal age is considered an important risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to compare hematological, coagulation, and renal laboratory parameters between preeclamptic women aged < 35 years and ≥ 35 years in order to determine the impact of advanced maternal age on disease severity.

A cross-sectional study was conducted at Osh Interregional Clinical Hospital, Kyrgyzstan. 67 Pregnant women were included and categorized into severe preeclampsia (n = 48), moderate preeclampsia (n = 12), and normotensive controls (n = 7). Participants were divided into two age groups: under 35 years and ≥ 35 years. Hematological parameters (hemoglobin, RBC count, and platelets), coagulation markers (prothrombin time, INR, and fibrinogen levels), and renal function tests (serum creatinine and urinary protein levels) were analyzed.

Women with severe preeclampsia showed significantly lower hemoglobin levels (< 35 years: 112.15 g/L, > 35 years: 123 g/L, p < 0.05) and platelet counts. Prolonged PT (13.59 s in < 35 years vs. 12.73 s in > 35 years, p < 0.05) and reduced INR values (0.93 in > 35 years vs. 0.96 in < 35 years, p < 0.005) indicated hypercoagulability. Fibrinogen levels were elevated in severe preeclampsia (4.9 g/L in < 35 years vs. 4.5 g/L in > 35 years, p < 0.05). Renal dysfunction was evident with increased serum creatinine levels and significant proteinuria (p < 0.05).

Advanced maternal age significantly influences hematological and coagulation abnormalities in preeclampsia, contributing to a hypercoagulable state and renal impairment. Regular laboratory monitoring, early screening, and individualized management strategies are crucial to mitigating adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.

This study highlights the critical role of laboratory markers in detecting and managing preeclampsia, particularly in older pregnant women who are at higher risk of severe complications. The findings emphasize the necessity of early intervention strategies, such as frequent monitoring of coagulation and renal function, to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. Understanding the hematological and biochemical variations associated with advanced maternal age in preeclampsia allows clinicians to implement personalized treatment plans aimed at improving both maternal and neonatal outcomes. These results also support the inclusion of laboratory marker analysis in routine prenatal care, enhancing the prediction and prevention of severe preeclampsia-related complications.