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Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

Published on: July 24, 2016

Streamlining counterfactual ecosystem restoration and conservation impact evaluation in R with the spatialBACI

Jasper Van Doninck¹, Wietske Bijker¹, Louise Willemen¹

¹Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente Enschede Netherlands.

Biodiversity Data Journal

|June 8, 2026

Summary

This study introduces the spatialBACI R package to simplify using geospatial data for Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) assessments. It aids in evaluating ecosystem conservation and restoration effectiveness.

Keywords:

R package before-after-control-impact conservation earth observation geospatial data restoration

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Published on: October 11, 2016

Area of Science:

Ecology
Environmental Science
Conservation Biology

Background:

Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) assessments are vital for evaluating conservation and restoration efforts.
Geospatial datasets, including earth observation data, can significantly enhance BACI analyses.
Standardizing the use of spatial data in BACI assessments is an ongoing challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce the R package spatialBACI, designed to streamline the application of spatial datasets in BACI assessments.
To provide tools for key steps in BACI analysis: defining and matching impact/control units, and impact assessment.
To demonstrate the practical utility of the spatialBACI package using a real-world restoration site.

Main Methods:

Development of the R package spatialBACI.
Implementation of functions for spatial unit definition and matching in BACI designs.
Application of the package to a case study of an ecosystem restoration site.

Main Results:

The spatialBACI package successfully facilitates the integration of spatial data into BACI assessments.
The package's functionalities streamline the process of selecting and matching control and impact sites.
Demonstrated utility in assessing the effectiveness of a specific restoration project.

Conclusions:

The spatialBACI R package offers a valuable tool for researchers and practitioners conducting spatial BACI assessments.
It enhances the efficiency and rigor of evaluating ecosystem conservation and restoration actions.
The package contributes to improved ecological monitoring and evidence-based environmental management.