Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 9, 2026
07:09
A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs
Published on: February 18, 2022
Anemia and Prognosis in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Ahmad Mohammad1, Shivam Singla2, Bhavna Singla3
1Internal Medicine, Hurley Medical Center, Flint, USA.
Cureus
|June 8, 2026
Summary
Anemia is common in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This review suggests anemia may increase mortality risk in HFpEF patients, but more research is needed.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Internal Medicine
- Clinical Research
Background:
- Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a growing health concern with limited treatments.
- Anemia is a frequent co-occurring condition in HFpEF patients, potentially worsening outcomes.
- The prognostic impact of anemia in HFpEF is not fully understood due to varied study designs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze existing studies.
- To evaluate the association between anemia and all-cause mortality in patients with HFpEF.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of six studies.
- Included post hoc randomized trial analysis, prospective registries, and observational cohorts.
- Pooled random-effects analysis and narrative synthesis were performed.
Main Results:
- Very low-certainty evidence suggests anemia may be linked to increased all-cause mortality in HFpEF.
- Significant heterogeneity was observed between studies.
- Trends were consistent across different regions and clinical settings, including hospitalized and stable patients.
Conclusions:
- Anemia may serve as an adverse prognostic marker in HFpEF.
- Further prospective studies and interventional trials are necessary.
- Clarifying mechanisms and testing targeted treatments are crucial for improving HFpEF outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
01:30Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions
The first step in nursing management of a patient with heart failure involves thoroughly assessing the patient's medical history.Subjective Data: Obtain the patient's medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and symptoms like dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Objective Data: Conduct a physical examination to identify findings such as jugular vein distention, pulmonary crackles, tachycardia, murmurs, peripheral edema, and vital signs,...
01:17Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
01:30Heart Failure V: Medical Management
Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
01:27Heart Failure I: Introduction
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
01:30Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...