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Related Concept Videos

Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...

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Related Experiment Video

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Investigation of the Transcriptional Role of a RUNX1 Intronic Silencer by CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells
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Investigation of the Transcriptional Role of a RUNX1 Intronic Silencer by CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells

Published on: September 1, 2019

A RiboCancer cell line panel reveals that CLL-associated Rps15 mutations translationally rewire transcription through

Anaïs Astier1,2, Marino Caruso3, Stijn Vereecke3

  • 1University of Toulouse, CNRS, Centre de Biologie Intégrative Toulouse France.

Hemasphere
|June 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Ribosomal protein defects in cancer, particularly Rps15 mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), disrupt mRNA translation and gene regulation. This study reveals how these mutations impact translation elongation and impact immune response genes.

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A Blood-based Test for the Detection of ROS1 and RET Fusion Transcripts from Circulating Ribonucleic Acid Using Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction
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A Blood-based Test for the Detection of ROS1 and RET Fusion Transcripts from Circulating Ribonucleic Acid Using Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction

Published on: April 5, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Investigation of the Transcriptional Role of a RUNX1 Intronic Silencer by CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells
09:16

Investigation of the Transcriptional Role of a RUNX1 Intronic Silencer by CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells

Published on: September 1, 2019

A Blood-based Test for the Detection of ROS1 and RET Fusion Transcripts from Circulating Ribonucleic Acid Using Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction
10:35

A Blood-based Test for the Detection of ROS1 and RET Fusion Transcripts from Circulating Ribonucleic Acid Using Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction

Published on: April 5, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Recurrent mutations in ribosomal proteins (RPs) like RPL10 and RPS15 are implicated in various cancers, including T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
  • Deletions in RPL5, RPL11, and RPL22 are also common in hematologic diseases and solid tumors.
  • The precise impact of these RP defects on ribosomal translation and cellular function remains largely unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional consequences of recurrent ribosomal protein mutations on mRNA translation.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which RP defects contribute to cancer development.
  • To establish and characterize a cell line model for studying RP mutations in cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered an isogenic RiboCancer cell line library modeling recurrent RP defects.
  • Performed multi-omics translatome analysis including proteome, Ribo-seq, and total RNA-seq.
  • Utilized cryo-electron microscopy and RiboMethSeq for detailed mechanistic insights.

Main Results:

  • CLL-associated Rps15 mutations significantly altered mRNA translation, affecting up to 10% of expressed genes.
  • Cryo-electron microscopy revealed Rps15 mutations destabilize the protein and impair translation elongation by affecting tRNA accommodation at the ribosomal A-site.
  • This defect specifically impacted genes with certain codons, leading to downregulation of epigenetic and transcriptional regulators like Runx3 and immune response genes.

Conclusions:

  • The RiboCancer cell line panel provides a valuable resource for studying somatic RP mutations in cancer.
  • CLL-associated Rps15 mutations induce specific translation defects that rewire gene expression.
  • This study reveals a novel mechanism of translation-based transcriptional rewiring in CLL, impacting immune regulation.