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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pleura of the Lungs01:13

Pleura of the Lungs

The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation01:24

Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation

Pulmonary ventilation is a vital process that ensures the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. It refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs, enabling the body to obtain oxygen and remove waste carbon dioxide. In this article, we will explore the intricacies of pulmonary ventilation, including its underlying principles, mechanisms, and the interplay of pressures within the respiratory system.
Boyle's law becomes particularly pertinent when examining respiratory...

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Normothermic Negative Pressure Ventilation Ex Situ Lung Perfusion: Evaluation of Lung Function and Metabolism
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Pneumothorax Ex Vacuo.

Yusuke Ito1

  • 1Department of Family Practice Azusawa Hospital Tokyo Japan.

Journal of General and Family Medicine
|June 8, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare case of pneumothorax ex vacuo occurred in an elderly woman after thoracentesis for pleural effusion. This condition, characterized by lung collapse due to volume loss, was managed conservatively.

Keywords:
lung neoplasmspleural effusionpneumothoraxthoracentesis

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Thoracic Medicine
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Pleural effusion management often involves thoracentesis.
  • Iatrogenic pneumothorax is a known complication of thoracentesis.
  • Pneumothorax ex vacuo is a less common condition resulting from rapid fluid removal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of pneumothorax ex vacuo following thoracentesis.
  • To differentiate pneumothorax ex vacuo from iatrogenic pneumothorax.
  • To highlight conservative management strategies for pneumothorax ex vacuo.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of an 84-year-old female patient.
  • Thoracentesis procedure for pleural effusion.
  • Comparison of pre- and post-procedure chest radiography.
  • Clinical assessment for chest pain and tracheal deviation.

    • Main Results:

    • Patient developed anterior chest pain post-thoracentesis.
    • Chest radiography revealed hydropneumothorax.
    • Imaging analysis indicated ipsilateral hemithoracic volume loss and tracheal deviation.
    • Diagnosis of pneumothorax ex vacuo was established.

    Conclusions:

    • Pneumothorax ex vacuo can mimic iatrogenic pneumothorax after thoracentesis.
    • Radiographic findings of volume loss and tracheal deviation are key diagnostic indicators.
    • Conservative management is appropriate for pneumothorax ex vacuo without significant respiratory compromise.