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Related Concept Videos

Competition02:34

Competition

When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.Intraspecific competition, which occurs between individuals of the same species, serves as a natural mechanism for regulating population size. Too much...
Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.Although predation is commonly associated with carnivory, for...
What are Populations and Communities?00:30

What are Populations and Communities?

Populations are groups of individuals of the same species that inhabit a shared environment. Communities include multiple co-existing, interacting populations of different species. Metapopulations span multiple populations of the same species that occupy different areas. Metapopulations interact through immigration and emigration, providing genetic diversity that lends resilience to harsh environments. Population size and density can be estimated using quadrat and mark and recapture...
Microbial Interactions: Competition01:26

Microbial Interactions: Competition

Microbial competition is an ecological interaction in which microorganisms vie for limited resources within shared environments. These resources may include nutrients, space, or light, depending on the system. The intensity and outcome of competition are influenced by the environmental context, such as nutrient availability, spatial constraints, and the diversity of microbial species present. These competitive interactions significantly influence the structure, function, and resilience of...
Symbiosis00:58

Symbiosis

Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
Robbers Cave04:49

Robbers Cave

During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension could be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Methods of Pairing and Pair Maintenance of New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) Via Behavioral Ethogram, Monitoring, and Interventions
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Methods of Pairing and Pair Maintenance of New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) Via Behavioral Ethogram, Monitoring, and Interventions

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Direct Interaction Between Roe Deer and Mountain Hare, a Case of Interference Encounter Competition?

Simen Pedersen1, Synnøve Hervik1,2, Hans Christian Pedersen3

  • 1Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Campus Evenstad University of Inland Norway Koppang Norway.

Ecology and Evolution
|June 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Direct competition between roe deer and mountain hares was observed, challenging ecological assumptions. This rare interference competition highlights potential direct resource conflict between these herbivores.

Keywords:
Capleolus capreolusLepus timiduscamera trappingcompetition

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Animal Behavior
  • Wildlife Science

Background:

  • Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and mountain hares (Lepus timidus) often share food resources.
  • Indirect exploitative competition is documented between these species.
  • Roe deer exhibit aggressive behavior towards other deer species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document a rare instance of direct interaction between a roe deer and a mountain hare.
  • To investigate potential direct interference competition between these herbivores.
  • To challenge traditional ecological understandings of interspecific competition.

Main Methods:

  • Camera trap footage captured a direct interaction.
  • Observation period lasted 2 minutes and 29 seconds.
  • Analysis focused on the behavior of a roe deer doe and a mountain hare.

Main Results:

  • A roe deer doe actively chased and displaced a mountain hare.
  • The interaction involved circling behavior and lasted for over two minutes.
  • This suggests a possible case of interference competition, not just curiosity.

Conclusions:

  • Direct interference competition between roe deer and mountain hares is possible.
  • This observation expands our understanding of herbivore interactions.
  • Rare events can challenge established ecological theories.