Recurrent Urethral Phyllodes Tumour Presenting With Urinary Retention: A Case Report and Literature Review

We report a rare case of a urethral phyllodes tumour. A 58-year-old male presented with urinary retention requiring catheterisation, preceded by a gradual onset of poor urinary flow. He had a prior history of poor urinary flow in 2022, when a urethral fibroepithelial polyp was identified and excised. Histopathology at the time confirmed a fibroepithelial polyp. On recurrence, flexible cystoscopy showed a polyp arising from the prostatic urethra and extending into the bladder neck, while MRI prostate revealed a 63 cc gland with a small median lobe and a PI-RADS 1, Likert 1 lesion. The patient underwent redo transurethral resection of the lesion, and histology revealed a low-grade phyllodes tumour. This case underscores the importance of recognising rare urological tumours in order to guide appropriate management.