Post-Transfusion Purpura: A Clinical Case With Alveolar Haemorrhage

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Immunology
• Transfusion Medicine

Background:

• Post-transfusion purpura (PTP) is a rare but serious complication following blood product transfusion.
• It results from alloimmunization against platelet-specific antigens, causing severe acute thrombocytopenia.
• PTP often occurs 7-10 days post-transfusion and can be life-threatening if undiagnosed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a case of PTP in a patient experiencing acute postoperative thrombocytopenia.
• To discuss the diagnostic challenges and clinical presentation of PTP.
• To review effective treatment strategies for PTP.

Main Methods:

• Case report of a 63-year-old female patient post-knee replacement surgery.
• Detailed clinical observation, laboratory testing, and diagnostic workup.
• Treatment involved therapeutic plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin, and corticosteroids.

Main Results:

• The patient developed severe thrombocytopenia and alveolar hemorrhage 7 days after transfusion.
• Diagnosis of PTP was confirmed through specific laboratory investigations.
• Treatment led to a significant improvement in platelet count and clinical status.

Conclusions:

• PTP is a critical diagnosis to consider in patients with thrombocytopenia post-transfusion.
• Prompt diagnosis and aggressive treatment, including plasma exchange and immunomodulatory therapy, are crucial.
• This case underscores the importance of recognizing PTP to prevent severe complications.