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Laryngopharyngeal Trauma in Grappling Martial Arts: A Mixed-Methods Study
Kyle W Singerman1, Cole L Bird1, SiYung Cho1
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City Kansas USA.
OTO Open
|June 8, 2026
Summary
Laryngopharyngeal symptoms are common in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) and Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) athletes due to chokeholds, yet awareness and care-seeking are low. Many athletes continue training despite symptoms, highlighting a need for improved laryngeal safety education.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Otolaryngology
- Combat Sports Science
Background:
- Chokeholds in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) and Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) are foundational techniques.
- Data on laryngopharyngeal injuries in these sports is limited.
- Understanding athlete attitudes towards injury is crucial for safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the prevalence of laryngopharyngeal symptoms and injuries in BJJ and MMA athletes.
- To explore cultural attitudes and care-seeking behaviors related to these injuries.
- To identify gaps in awareness regarding laryngeal safety in combat sports.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional, mixed-methods study was conducted.
- Surveys and semi-structured interviews were administered to BJJ/MMA practitioners.
- Data collection focused on symptom prevalence, injury awareness, and training behaviors.
Main Results:
- 88% of surveyed athletes reported laryngopharyngeal symptoms (sore throat, odynophagia) after chokeholds.
- 15% experienced permanent voice changes, yet 78% would continue training.
- Only 11% sought medical care; nearly half of those diagnosed with hyolaryngeal fractures.
Conclusions:
- Laryngopharyngeal symptoms are frequent in BJJ/MMA but often disregarded by athletes.
- A "push through the pain" ethos and limited awareness contribute to low care-seeking.
- Further research and education are needed to enhance laryngeal safety in combat sports.
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