Analysis of the comprehension and familiarity among the Saudi Arabian population regarding multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system, characterized by immune-mediated demyelination and axonal degeneration. Its development is influenced by genetic susceptibility, immune dysregulation, and environmental factors such as viral infections, vitamin D deficiency, and smoking. MS affects over 2.3 million people globally, with prevalence varying by region, including an increasing trend in Saudi Arabia. Despite the growing burden, public awareness of MS in Saudi Arabia remains limited, contributing to delayed diagnosis and poorer patient outcomes. Assessing MS knowledge across regions is essential to guide targeted educational interventions, improve early symptom recognition, and enhance disease management.

The study was conducted across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia among randomly selected adults. A minimum sample size of 384 individuals was calculated using the Qualtrics calculator at a 95% confidence level. Data were collected using a validated Multiple Sclerosis Knowledge Questionnaire consisting of 27 items assessing MS-related symptoms, risk factors, diagnostic beliefs, and general awareness. Scores ranged from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating better knowledge. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics.

Among 607 participants, significant knowledge gaps were identified. The mean age was 30.5 years, and the majority were female (69.9%). Only 11% recognized that MS affects multiple body systems, while 60.6% correctly identified its primary impact on the central nervous system. Additionally, 66.1% were unaware of MS epidemiology in Saudi Arabia, and 55.4% had misconceptions about its immunological basis. Overall, 57.7% demonstrated poor MS-related knowledge, with significant associations found between knowledge levels and gender, education, and personal acquaintance with MS.

The findings highlight substantial deficiencies in MS awareness, symptom recognition, understanding of risk factors, and general health literacy among the Saudi population. Targeted educational programs and public health initiatives are urgently needed to improve early recognition, timely diagnosis, and better disease management.