Current operative approaches for necrotizing enterocolitis

Necrotizing enterocolitis is an overwhelming, catastrophic gastrointestinal disease largely affecting premature infants. The disease is manifested by exaggerated intestinal inflammation, which can progress to necrosis of the bowel and systemic sepsis. Prognosis is poor, with unacceptably high mortality. There is currently no known cure, with management focused on supportive measures, including bowel rest, gastric decompression, and antibiotic administration. Surgical intervention is required for cases unresponsive to medical management. In this review, we describe the determination of the need for surgical intervention, the surgical procedures commonly employed, and novel perioperative adjuncts being developed to improve outcomes.