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Cognitive Testing Practices for Basic Military Training in the Nordic Countries: A Scoping Review.

Emelie Wahlkrantz1, Jeanette Melin1

  • 1Department of Leadership and Command & Control, Swedish Defence University, Karlstad, Sweden.

Scandinavian Journal of Psychology
|June 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
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Nordic general mental ability (GMA) tests, used since the mid-20th century, require updated validation. Current psychometric data is limited, impacting the reliability and validity of research using this important cognitive assessment data.

Area of Science:

  • Psychometrics
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Military Psychology

Background:

  • Nordic countries have utilized general mental ability (GMA) tests in military conscription since the mid-20th century.
  • These tests historically served dual purposes: identifying individuals unfit for service and ranking cognitive abilities for military roles.
  • Initially for men, these assessments are now administered to both genders, reflecting societal changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the need for updated psychometric evaluations of Nordic general mental ability (GMA) tests.
  • To address concerns regarding the current reliability and validity of these widely used cognitive assessments.
  • To emphasize the importance of revalidation for ensuring the scientific credibility of GMA test data in research.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
conscriptiongeneral mental abilitymilitary selectionvalidity

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  • Review of historical development and administrative procedures of Nordic GMA tests.
  • Analysis of current reporting on the psychometric properties (reliability and validity) of these tests.
  • Examination of the implications of limited psychometric data for research findings.

Main Results:

  • There is a notable lack of recent reporting on the psychometric properties of Nordic GMA tests.
  • The current psychometric status raises questions about the reliability and validity of these assessments.
  • Findings derived from these tests should be interpreted with caution due to outdated validation data.

Conclusions:

  • Updated validation studies are crucial for Nordic general mental ability (GMA) tests.
  • Revalidation will ensure the scientific integrity of GMA test data used in military and broader social/health research.
  • Accurate interpretation of cognitive assessment data is essential for robust research outcomes, including studies on the Flynn effect.