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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

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The Impact of Football Boot Design on Lower Limb Injury Risk: A Systematic Review.

Fan Yang¹, Jingxuan Huang², Qiang Wei³

¹Li Ning Sports Science Application Research Center, Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Company Limited, Beijing, People's Republic of China.

Sports Medicine - Open

|June 8, 2026

Summary

Football boot design significantly impacts non-contact lower-limb injuries. Optimizing stud patterns, sole rigidity, and fit can reduce risks like anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears and ankle sprains.

Keywords:

Ankle injury Foot injury Football boot design Knee-joint injury Lower-limb injury

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Sports Medicine
Footwear Engineering

Background:

Football boots are crucial for player performance and injury prevention.
Existing research focuses on individual boot components, lacking an integrated injury risk assessment.
Understanding boot-surface interaction is key to mitigating non-contact lower-limb injuries.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically evaluate the biomechanical mechanisms linking football boot design to non-contact lower-limb injury risk.
To identify specific boot features that contribute to common football injuries.
To provide evidence-based recommendations for designing safer football boots.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search (2005-2025) across major scientific databases following PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
Inclusion of 32 studies after dual-reviewer screening.
Methodological quality assessment using the PEDro scale.

Main Results:

Stud patterns influence rotational traction, with screw-in and bladed studs increasing risk of ACL rupture, ankle sprains, and metatarsal fractures.
Sole-plate stiffness exhibits a U-shaped injury risk curve; both excessive rigidity and compliance elevate injury potential.
Boot-foot-surface mismatch and collar height contribute to overuse injuries and knee trauma, respectively.
High-risk loading often occurs below athlete awareness, suggesting cumulative microdamage.

Conclusions:

Football boot architecture is a modifiable factor in non-contact lower-limb injury prevention.
Standardized testing frameworks for boot design parameters (studs, stiffness, last) are needed.
Optimized boot design, considering surface, sex, and playing level, can enhance performance while reducing injury risk.