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Spanish Validation of the Sexual Orientation Self-Concept Ambiguity Scale (SSA): Invariance Across Gender, Sexual
Rafael Ballester-Arnal1, Juan E Nebot-Garcia1,2, Carlos García-Montoliu1
1Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology, and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
Abstract:
The Sexual Orientation Self-Concept Ambiguity (SSA) Scale assesses uncertainty regarding one's sexual orientation. This study aimed to translate the SSA into Spanish and examine its psychometric properties. Between November 2019 and November 2020, 3,584 individuals from Spain, with an average age of 32.99 (SD = 12.75), completed the SSA. Most participants self-identified as cisgender (96.8%) and heterosexual (52.8%). The lowest levels of sexual orientation uncertainty were observed among heterosexual and gay/lesbian individuals, while higher levels were reported by bisexual, pansexual, asexual, and "other" groups. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a one-factor structure, consistent with the original version. The scale showed excellent internal consistency and demonstrated measurement invariance across gender and sexual orientation, and partially with age. Moreover, construct validity was supported by positive correlations with changes in sexual orientation, age of awareness, and discomfort related to sexual orientation. These results support the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the SSA for assessing uncertainty and ambiguity surrounding sexual orientation in the Spanish context.
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