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Associations between socioeconomic status, healthy lifestyle, and multimorbidity in the US
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin St, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021.
Objective:
To investigate the relationships between socioeconomic status (SES) and multimorbidity, which can inform public health strategies.
Study Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Methods:
Data from participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018 were analyzed. Weighted multivariate logistic regression assessed associations between multimorbidity, SES, and healthy lifestyles. Subgroup analyses stratified by key covariates evaluated stratified risks. Sensitivity analyses verified result robustness.
Results:
After adjustment, compared with low-SES individuals, medium-SES individuals showed a significantly increased OR of multimorbidity (1.267; 95% CI, 1.079-1.489), whereas high-SES individuals exhibited a significantly decreased OR (0.723; 95% CI, 0.647-0.807). Healthy lifestyles exerted a protective effect, particularly within the medium-SES subgroup. Middle-aged non-Hispanic White women in the medium-SES group demonstrated elevated risk.
Conclusions:
Moderate SES is a critical risk factor for multimorbidity. Lifestyle interventions effectively reduce disease burden, particularly in middle-SES populations, with targeted protection needed for middle-aged non-Hispanic White women. Additionally, heightened vigilance is warranted regarding the expanding disease risks among young and middle-aged populations, alongside advocating for robust research initiatives to optimize evidence-based public health interventions.
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