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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts
10:27

Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts

Published on: July 25, 2020

Cancer chemo-immunotherapy: time will tell.

Sam O Kleeman1, Yosef Riazat-Kesh2, Richard Carvajal3

  • 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring Harbor United States.

Cancer Immunology Research
|June 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Timing of cancer immunotherapy may impact patient survival. The LungTIME-C01 trial suggests earlier chemo-immunotherapy improves outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer, but further validation is needed.

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Testing Cancer Immunotherapeutics in a Humanized Mouse Model Bearing Human Tumors
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Testing Cancer Immunotherapeutics in a Humanized Mouse Model Bearing Human Tumors

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts
10:27

Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts

Published on: July 25, 2020

Testing Cancer Immunotherapeutics in a Humanized Mouse Model Bearing Human Tumors
15:24

Testing Cancer Immunotherapeutics in a Humanized Mouse Model Bearing Human Tumors

Published on: December 16, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Chronobiology

Background:

  • Circadian rhythms influence physiological processes, including immune cell function and drug metabolism.
  • Retrospective studies suggest immunotherapy timing affects cancer patient survival.
  • The LungTIME-C01 trial investigated time-of-day administration of chemo-immunotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the clinical design and mechanistic interpretation of the LungTIME-C01 trial.
  • To explore factors contributing to improved progression-free survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients.
  • To provide implications for future clinical trial design in cancer chronotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the prospective randomized phase 3 LungTIME-C01 trial data.
  • Review of protocol amendments and safety reporting.
  • Consideration of mechanistic hypotheses including chronopharmacology and circadian immune regulation.

Main Results:

  • Earlier time-of-day (before 3pm) chemo-immunotherapy nearly doubled progression-free survival in non-small cell lung cancer.
  • Observed effects may involve contributions from drug timing, immune rhythms, and healthcare delivery.
  • Clarification of trial design and safety reporting is warranted.

Conclusions:

  • The timing of chemo-immunotherapy may be a critical factor in non-small cell lung cancer treatment.
  • Future trials should disentangle immunotherapy timing from chemotherapy effects using factorial designs.
  • Multicenter validation is essential before adopting widespread scheduling recommendations for cancer immunotherapy.