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Skin as a mirror of endocrine diseases: emerging biomarkers and targeted therapies

Jenyfer M Fuentes-Mendoza1, Marcio J Concepción-Zavaleta1, Jean Pierre Villanueva-De La Cruz2

  • 1Grupo de investigación de Neurociencias, Metabolismo, Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú.

Current Medical Research and Opinion
|June 8, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Skin manifestations often precede diagnosis in endocrine disorders like diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders. Early dermatologic evaluation aids in timely diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Dermatology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The skin reflects systemic endocrine activity, highlighting hormonal, metabolic, and immune interactions.
  • Endocrine disorders frequently present with characteristic dermatologic findings, sometimes preceding systemic diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize evidence on molecular and clinical links between endocrine diseases and skin manifestations.
  • To identify potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets based on emerging biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of current scientific literature.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways and clinical presentations.
  • Exploration of novel biomarkers for early detection and monitoring.

Main Results:

  • Characteristic skin features are associated with diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome, Cushing syndrome, and acromegaly.
  • Dysregulated pathways (e.g., IGF-1, PI3K/Akt/mTOR) and epigenetic factors contribute to skin changes.
  • Emerging biomarkers like microRNAs and advanced glycation end products show promise for clinical application.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating dermatologic assessment into endocrine screening can reduce diagnostic delays and improve patient outcomes.
  • Molecular pathways and biomarkers offer potential for early detection, prognosis, and personalized therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research is needed to validate standardized diagnostic algorithms and biomarker-based approaches.
Keywords:
Endocrine diseasesbiomarkersdiabetes mellitusinsulin resistanceskin manifestationstargeted therapiesthyroid disorders

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